Kazakhstan Automotive Industry 2010-2018 features historical data and insights plus. Focus2move Automotive Market Reports provide a comprehensive.
Photo credit: kapital.kz.Vice-president of the association Anar Makasheva is a strong supporter of automobile production localisation and she reported that in 2017 its level increased.“Our goal is to achieve 50 percent of production localisation by the end of 2019. Kazakhstan producers are doing their best to increase the share and by the end of 2017 it has reached 36 percent. The state will continue to support automakers through the implementation of the state programme for the sale of cars at 4 percent per annum,” she said, Kapital reports.Since March 2017, the domestic car market has demonstrated positive dynamics. Last year, official dealers sold 49,051 units of cars, commercial vehicles and buses.
Demand for new cars increased 6.1 percent.The last year has been successful not only for importers, but also for manufacturers of domestic cars. According to the association, in the last year, six Kazakh automobile plants produced 19,086 pieces of equipment (cars, trucks and buses) worth $435.2 million.
This triples the results of 2016.Every third car sold in the country, including commercial vehicles, is produced in Kazakhstan. According to the Committee of Statistics of the Ministry of Energy, the share of automotive industry in machine building industry doubled in monetary terms, tax payments of six automobile enterprises in 2017 amounted to about $21.8 million.
According to the forecasts of the association, in 2018 the growth of the car market will continue and will be 15-20 percent.The implementation of the programme will continue in 2018. The state has already allocated about $31.2 million for the purpose. In addition, the programme has proved itself in the commercial equipment segment.“The right for leasing at 3 percent per annum is granted to Development Bank of Kazakhstan Leasing. The terms of the programme are quite attractive: about 30 percent of the initial payment, a small package of documents required for clearance. For small and medium-sized businesses this is the most comfortable way of purchasing commercial equipment,” Makasheva said.According to the results of 2017, 1,480 Kazakhstan cars worth to $18.1 million were exported to near and far abroad countries. The export of Kazakh automotive products has quadrupled in comparison with 2016 in 2017.Executive Director of Astana Motors Anton Afonin said the figures show that Kazakhstan began to supply large amounts of equipment abroad.Thus, 1,205 Lada 4×4 vehicles were exported to China, and 66 JAC S3 crossovers were exported to Tajikistan and Russia. The leader in the export of trucks is Hyundai Trans Auto, which delivered trucks to Russia, Belarus and Kyrgyzstan for the amount of almost $6.2 million.“For our company, Russia remains the main export market.
The potential of Russian market is huge. At the end of the last year, the full-cycle JAC line was launched at SaryArka Autoprom plant in Kostanai and I hope that the company will be able to export cars to Russia and the volumes of Kazakhstan’s automobile exports will be measured by tens of thousands of cars,” Afonin said.“But if you plan to enter Russian market, you have to understand that you can’t offer models which are already localised there. Therefore, it is necessary to present models that are either not represented in the market or are not produced by Russian enterprises.
As for cars, this is the JAC line, and for commercial vehicles – some models produced by Hyundai Trans Auto,” he explained.One of the trends that will remain in 2018 is the conversion of the Kazakhstan’s motor pool to alternative fuels and the development of the infrastructure for servicing electric vehicles.
Contents.Africa Algeria Algeria's automotive industry is among the largest on the African continent (together with, and ) and can exceed 500,000 units a year. Is the largest manufacturer with an estimated 25.5 percent of the national car market. Other carmakers represented there include (second largest), (fifth largest), and.in 2014 a Partnership between Daimler and the Ministry of Defence for the manufacture of trucks and armored cars will produce 17,000 units annually in accordance with international quality standards applied by Mercedes at its plants around the world, while the rest of the quota will be owned by the German companies specialized in mechanical industries ( and Ferrostaa). The same standards will be applied in both, which will produce 10.000 SUVs and utility wagons of average size annually, while the production site of engines in will produce 26,000 water cooled engines by licenses production for the Marks Meto -respectively, to prepare the cars and industrial machinery, agricultural machines, and machines of public works, as the production will be launched in 2014. Main article:The Automotive industry in Kenya is primarily involved in the assembly, retail and distribution of motor vehicles.
There are a number of motor vehicle dealers operating in the country, with the most established being:Major Retailers:, Simba Colt and DT Dobie.Major Assemblers:Associated Vehicle Assemblers Ltd (AVA), Kenya Vehicle Manufacturers (KVM), and Honda Motorcycle Kenya Ltdis currently attempting to completely build its own cars. After building its first car in the late '80s, the, Kenya has a shot at the industry with, which was founded in 2009.Morocco. Main article:'s automobile industry had Soviet origins mainly (plants and licensed autodesign were founded in the 1950s with USSR help) and was small in volume for decades, not exceeding 200,000 annually. It has been developing rapidly since the year 2000.
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In 2009, 13.83 million motor vehicles were manufactured in China, surpassing Japan as the world's largest automobile producer. Now, annual production of more than 18 million automobiles exceeds that of the United States and Japan combined, or that of the EU. Moreover, with total sales of 13.64 million, China became the largest automobile market in the world for the full year 2009, overtaking the United States.India.
Main article:An embryonic automotive industry started in in the 1940s. However, for the next 50 years, the growth of the industry was hobbled by the policies and the bureaucratic hurdles of the with total restrictions for import of vehicles. Following in 1991 and start of Economic Boom, and the gradual easing of restrictions on industry, India has seen a dynamic 17% annual growth in automobile production and 30% annual growth in exports of automotive components and automobiles. More than 4.78 million automotive vehicles were produced in India in 2017 (an increase of almost thrice since 2005 and more than thirteen times since 1990.
India is now the fourth largest automobile producer as of 2018 (beating old and new auto makers such as Germany, South Korea, Belgium, United Kingdom, Italy, Canada, Mexico, Russia, Spain and France) and is the second fastest growing automobile market (after China) in the World. Total turnover of the Indian automobile industry grew 3.6 times from $34 Billion in 2006 to $122 Billion in 2016.The largest automotive companies in India are, and (In 2008, it launched, the cheapest car in the world at $1,500). Foreign auto companies with plants in India include,.
Many other global automobile giants such as are setting up their plants and are also in the process of setting up their manufacturing plants in this country.Indonesia. Main article:developed a significant automotive industry with up to 200,000 annual production under the Shah's regime. There was a decline after the Islamic revolution of 1979 but since the end of the 20th century growth returned, accelerating in recent years. There were 13 public and privately owned automakers within Iran, of which two – and – accounted for 94% of the total domestic production. Iran Khodro, which produced the most prevalent car brand in the country – the, which has been replaced in 2005 by the – was still the largest with 61% of the market in 2001, while Saipa contributed 33% of Iran's total production in the same year. The other car manufacturers, such as the, Kerman Motors, Raniran, Traktorsazi, Shahab Khodro, and others together produced only 6%. These automakers produce a wide range of automobiles including motorbikes, passenger cars such as Saipa's, vans, mini trucks, medium-sized trucks, heavy duty trucks, minibuses, large size buses and other heavy automobiles used in commercial and private activities in the country.
Iran has a fleet of 7 million cars in 2008, which translates to almost one car per ten persons in the country (including pick-ups and buses). Automobile production crossed the 1 million mark in 2005 and Iran car exports reached $1 billion by March 2009. Iran ranked the world's 13th biggest automaker in 2011 with annual production of more than 1.6 million (more than in such old and new auto industries as Belgium, the United Kingdom, Italy, the Czech Republic, and Turkey).Japan. Main article:(business conglomerates) began building their first automobiles in the middle to late 1910s, while designing their own trucks and producing European cars in Japan under license. The breakout of caused many Japanese manufacturers to halt the design and production of vehicles, but in the 1950s and 1960s restoration occurred.
In the 1970s Japan was the world's pioneer manufacturer of vehicles. The automotive industry in Japan grew rapidly between the 1970s–1990s (when it was oriented both for domestic use and wide world export) and after being second largest producer in the world (behind the United States), it is now the third largest (after China and the US) with an annual production of 8–10 million vehicles. During the 1980s and 1990s, overtaking the US, Japan became the world's leading automobile manufacturer with up to 13 million vehicles produced per year, a significant part of that went to export including to the United States. Japanese investments grew an auto industry in many (and not Asian only) countries.Jordan , in a joint venture with the Shahin Group and Ole Jordan, assembles and at the in.
About 1,000 workers are employed there, assembling 5,000 units annually.Malaysia. Main article:The automotive industry in is perhaps one of the freshest and most steadily growing markets, catering for needs worldwide (except for America and Continental Europe). Malaysia is the third largest South-East Asian automaker, outputting more than half a million vehicles per year. Some of the Malaysian companies produce some models in collaboration with Japanese, Chinese, South Korean or European manufacturers, while also developing fully indigenous Malaysian made cars. The list of car manufacturers is as follows:- (Perusahaan Otomobil Nasional Berhad), being the pioneer of Malaysian car manufacturer.- (Perusahaan Otomobil Kedua Berhad), of which engines are based on Daihatsu models.- &, 'Antique Cars' manufacturers based in Malaysia (although originally from Australia).- (Naza Group of Companies - assembles Kia Motors and Peugeot vehicles).North Korea. Main article:The motor vehicle production has military, industrial and construction goals mainly, and private car ownership by citizens is not allowed (all cars are serving government officials). It has Soviet origins, evident in the subsequent practice of cloning foreign specimens, though in one recent automobile joint-venture, North Korea developed a wide-range automotive industry with production of all types of vehicles (an urban and off-road mini, luxury, SUV cars, a small, midi, heavy and super-heavy cargo, haulage, construction and off-road trucks, a mini buses, a usual and articulated buses, trolleybuses and trams).
Automotive production is less than 40,000-50,000 vehicles due to a dysfunctional economy. North Korea did not join the, meaning that information about its motor vehicle industry is very limited and poor.Pakistan. 's is the most manufactured car in Pakistan. In 2017, 52,874 models were made.The automobile industry has been an active and growing field in for a long time, however not as much established to figure in the prominent list of the top automotive industries, having a stable annual production of between 100,000-170,000 vehicles.Surprisingly, despite its production volume, only a few car models are assembled in the country and customers have a very small variety of vehicles to choose from. The lack of competition in the auto industry due to the dominance of a few players, and restrictions on imports in the form of heavy duties have resulted in very high prices of cars in the country. Currently some of the major world automakers have set up assembly plants or are in joint ventures with local companies, including,. The total contribution of auto industry to GDP in 2007 was 2.8% which was estimated to increase significantly over the next decade.
The auto sector presently contributes 16% to the manufacturing sector which is predicted to increase even further.Master truck manufacturing, Al Haaj motors and FAW joint venture for producing Chinese cars, trucks and dumpers. However on 19 March 2016, Pakistan passed the 'Auto Policy 2016-21', which offers tax incentives to new automakers to establish manufacturing plants in the country. In response, and have expressed interest in entering the Pakistani market. Philippines. At car factory in,.The automobile industry is today the sixth largest in the World in terms of production volume (concedes to China, United States, Japan, Germany and India only) and the sixth largest in terms of export volume, achieved more than 4.6 million vehicles produced in 2011. South Korea produced more than 4.2 million vehicles in 2016. Fifty years ago, its initial operations were merely the assembling of parts imported from and the.
The is today the second largest automaker in Asia, after. Annual domestic output exceeded one million units in 1988.
In the 1990s, the industry manufactured numerous in-house models, demonstrating not only its capabilities, and signaling its coming of age thanks to the heavy investment to infrastructure in the country over the decades. Main article:is more rapidly grown in the 2000s, largest in South-Asia and 14th in the World auto producent with annual output nearly 1.5 million (that is more than in such old and new auto makers as Belgium, United Kingdom, Italy, Czech Republic, Turkey) of vehicles developed and issued by foreign (Japanese, South Korean, etc.) assist.The Thai-based automobile manufacturer is or well known as TR, manufactured. The company was established in 1967 in,.
Original name was Thai Rung Engineering Co. Ltd., and changed its name to Thai Rung Union Car Co. TRU was listed on the Stock Exchange of Thailand in 1994. TRU business is ranging from product design and development, automotive parts manufacturing, industrial equipment manufacturing, car assembly lines and financial business.Some discontinued TR vans powered by engine in combination with Thai-developed body design and platform. Modern TR cars are built on small or medium trucks base into SUV or seven-seat multi-purpose vehicles using TR-owned technology, design, development and assembly skills.
The current models are 2009 TR Adventure (based on ) and TR Allroader (based on Thai-version ).Uzbekistan. Main article:Before 1992, had absolutely no automotive industry, being part of the Soviet Union. In post-Soviet times, new auto producing plants were built with South Korean and American help. Now that production is more than 200 thousand per year, Uzbekistan exports automobiles to Russia and other countries., a joint venture, with manufacturing operations in Asaka Uzbekistan features three vehicle assembly lines and one stamping operations plant with a growing local supply base supplemented by commodities and automotive parts largely from Asia Pacific region (e.g., steel coil from Russia, advanced technology parts from South Korea, etc.). With multi-shift operations, employment is estimated around 7000 people in a region otherwise known for agricultural production.Vietnam.
Main article:Completely dependent for Soviet import earlier, since the 2000s began to develop own automotive industry with Japanese-South Korean-Malaysian assistance and, having yet near 40,000 per year capability, accounts as a prospective maker and market in South-East Asia. At 3rd quarter of 2017, announced that Vietnam's second large automaker had started:. Europe announced that May 2013 sales across the 27-nation dropped to 1.04 million cars. August 2013 became the worst sales year since 1990, with 8.14 million autos sold. Austria For a long time, imported cars and had small domestic production of trucks and military vehicles only. Is now a contract manufacture that has built a number of cars for foreign companies, most recently for. The motorcycle manufacturer produces the sports car.Belarus.
Main article:had third by volume part of automotive industry of the Soviet Union with near 40,000 annual production. Since that times Belarus specializes on production of own designed superheavy, heavy and middle trucks mainly plus post-Soviet developed buses, trolleybuses and trams. Auto manufacturers in Belarus include, and.Belgium At the beginning of the 20th century had been one of the leading European auto industries with famous and technically advanced brands.
But domestic producers did not grow and soon disappeared. At the end of the century Belgium became one of the largest European auto makers with an annual output up to 1.2 million from assembly plants of foreign brands. Its mainly export-oriented auto industry shrunk by half in recent years (to 500 thousand units) due to strong competition with imports from near and far Eastern producers.Bulgaria. Main article:In 2012, Bulgaria's first domestic supercar manufacturer was founded as SIN Cars Limited by the Bulgarian engineer and racing driver Rosen Daskalov in.The road-legal Sin R1 features a 6.2-litre V8 and 7.0 litre V8 engine's production strongly depended on auto imports from the Soviet block earlier and currently depends on other European and Asian countries. Socialist Bulgaria has small auto industry including nearly 20 thousand units of self-developed trucks and buses as well as the assembly of Soviet cars.From 1966 to 1970 in the city of was production of the.
The factory assembled and.Bulgaria produced the and between 1967 and 1971. They were unofficially called 'Pirin-FIAT'. The plant was in the town of.
The same factory, called 'Balkan', also assembled from 1967 to 1988.In 1994, Rover established Roadcar, a joint venture with a Bulgarian company to produce the at a new factory in, using CKD kits sent from the UK. Production began in July 1995 and 2,200 cars were assembled before the factory closed in April 1996.Together with the Bulgarian company, has a production base in, near. They assembly Voleex, Steed and Hover. The factory has an auto assembly capability of 50,000 vehicles annually. There're plans to be increased to 70,000 vehicles annually in the next few years.Croatia.
Doking XDThe in employs about 10,000 people in over 130 companies and generates profit of about US$600 million. Croatia mostly produces automotive parts and software.
Two most prominent car manufacturers in Croatia are and, while produces buses. The automotive industry accounts for approximately 1.8 per cent of all Croatian exports, while 90 per cent of profits in the industry itself are derived from exports.Automotive parts manufacturers in Croatia are well-integrated into the global parts supply chain, such as AD Plastik, which produces for.Croatia is a fairly new player in the automotive industry and its primary focus has been on the development of luxury grade electric automobiles and supercars. The is the world's first electric supercar. Czech Republic. See also:Before WWII automotive industry was a significant and advanced part of the economy of the former that was taken advantage of by Nazi Germany. Post-war socialist Czechoslovakia restored its own auto manufacturing that was the second in the Soviet block outside the USSR, producing 250 thousand per year vehicles of all types, including cars and trolleybuses, and trams, buses.After dissolving of USSR has inherited most of its auto capabilities and then has grown many times by German, French, Japanese, and South Korean investments. Now the Czech Republic is one of the most significant European (5th) and World's (15th) auto maker, world's second manufacturer of cars per capita, having annual output near 1.4 million and largest export to Europe, other CIS countries and even to United States.
Auto manufacturers in the Czech Republic include original Czech brands, bus manufacturers, - Iveco and assembly plants of and joint-venture, and.Finland. Wolfsburg, in 1973The automobile was invented in. Furthermore, the used in most automobiles worldwide today was invented by in Germany. In addition, the was also invented by German.Germany is famous for the high-performance and high-quality sports cars made by, and the cars of Mercedes, Audi and BMW are famous for their quality and technological innovation. 's predecessor Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft was the industry's oldest firm, Daimler-Benz company dates from 1926. In 1998, it bought the American automobile manufacturer, then sold out in 2007 at a heavy loss, as it never managed to bring the division to long term profitability.In the popular market, and are most well known.
Opel was a bicycle company that started making cars in 1899; General Motors bought it out in 1929, but the Nazi government took control, and GM wrote off its entire investment. In 1948, GM returned and restored the Opel brand. Volkswagen is dominant in the popular market; it purchased in 1964, which eventually led to the formation of today's. Volkswagen's most famous car was the small, beetle-shaped economical 'people's car', with a rear-mounted, air-cooled engine. It was designed in the 1930s by upon orders from, who was himself a car enthusiast.
However, production models only appeared after the war; until then, only rich Germans had automobiles. By 1950, Volkswagen was the largest German automobile producer. Today, the Group is one of the three biggest automotive companies in the world, and the largest in Europe; and is now part-owned. As of 2010, seven different car manufacturers belong to the industrial concern: Volkswagen, Audi AG, along with makers,. During German reunification West Germany incorporated non-large (near 200 thousands per year) production of, cars and trucks in.With annual output near 6 million now, Germany is absolute leader of auto production in Europe since the 1960s, and in World was the third during the 1970s – middle of the 2000s and fourth now (concedes to China, United States and Japan only).Greece Before 1960 there has been only small-scale, or occasional vehicle manufacture in. Thereafter, production mainly concentrated in commercial vehicles (with production increasing as local type certification laws were made more flexible), while passenger car assembly plants with notable production volumes operated after 1970.Most of the assembly plants were located in the industrial areas of Volos and Athens (assembly of Opel Kadett, Alfa Romeo Alfasud, 45 different models od Datsun/Nissan, Mazda 323 etc.).
During the 1970's and 1980s a generation of multi-purpose vehicles were locally developed. According to the Statistical Yearbook of the Greek National Statistical Service (ESYE), annual production of all types of vehicles, including assembled cars, remained close to 20,000 units between 1980 and 1990. By 1992 all major assembly lines had ceased operations and, since then, there has been no large-scale production (current producers include, etc.). Main article:Some original car production in the Hungarian part of Austro-Hungary at the beginning of the 20th century was lost. Post WWII socialist widely imported cars and trucks from Soviet Union and other countries. At the same time Hungary produced small number of heavy trucks and had strong specialization in Soviet block in manufacturing of buses , that made it one of the largest bus producers and exporters (including outside Soviet block and Europe).
The, also a long lived Hungarian company, has been manufacturing engines, wagons specialized for electric railway equipment.Post-socialist Hungary significantly decreased the manufacturing of buses but found a large assembly capacities of foreign brands (such as Mercedes, Suzuki, Audi and Opel) with annual production of more than 400 thousands cars.Ireland. Alfa Romeo Giulia QuadrifoglioThe automotive industry in began with the construction of the first plant (Fabbrica Italiana Automobili Torino) in 1899 by Giovanni Agnelli. In the following years at least 50 other manufacturers appeared, the best known being in 1900, in 1906, in 1910, in 1914, in 1939, in 1963, in 1999, in 2002, in 2008 and in 2006. During the first and the second World Wars and the economic crisis of the 70's, many of these brands disappeared or were bought by FIAT or foreign manufacturers.To 1960s–1970s Italy restored own large auto industry that was 3rd-4th in Europe and 5th–6th in the World. In the 1980s Italy overook the United Kingdom but has conceded to Soviet Union that, like Poland and Yugoslavia, found large-volume production of cars by Italian FIAT help. In the 1990s Italian auto industry became again 3rd in Europe and 5th in World with annual output more than 2 million. But in the 21st century it seriously fallen to near 800 thousand per year and 8th place in Europe and 21st place in the world.Today, the Italian automotive industry continues to boast a wide range of products, from very compact city cars to sport supercars such as Ferrari and Pagani.
As of July 2011 Fiat also holds roughly 53.5% stake in the American automaker.Netherlands The imports most of its vehicles, having little own manufacturing of less than 200,000 per year. Besides and, present Dutch auto production consists primarily of contract manufacturing for and by (formerly producing DAF, and ), plus a few small sports car companies:. Another small company, is now taking orders for production of a, slated for deliveries in 2019. Main article:Poland is the of passenger cars in, after the Czech Republic and Slovakia.
As of the late 2009s and 2010s, Polish automotive sector represents arounds 11% of total industrial production, accounting for about 4% of GDP. The sector employs about 130,000 people, and produced about 800,000-900,000 light vehicles a year. Production of larger was at about 70,000-90,000 in that period.
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Most of the sector's output is geared for exports, primarily to the. In 2009 the value of exports from this sector was €15.7 billion, i.e. 16% of all Polish exports.Currently domestic producers include supercar manufacturers, bus manufacturers,. International manufacturers include. Poland also accounts for the majority of cars, a performance brand of Fiat.Portugal. Main article:has inherited a main part of automotive industry of the Soviet Union with near 1.8 million annual production of all types of automobiles in.Automotive production is a significant industry in post-Soviet Russia, directly employing around 600,000 people or 1% of the country's total work force. With output of more than 2 million, Russia was the world's 11th and European 2nd (after Germany) automotive largest producer in 2012, and accounts for about 7% of the worldwide production.
Due to the global financial crisis in 2009 the industry produced 600 thousands vehicles only, down from 1.5 million in 2008 after post-Soviet restoration.The largest companies are light vehicle producers and, while is the leading heavy vehicle producer. 11 foreign carmakers have production operations or are constructing plants in Russia. Russian government presented plans to make Russia as European second automotive producer. As of August 2012 Russia is the largest car market in Europe Serbia. Main article:The automotive industry in and dates back to 1939 when the first trucks came out of the assembly lines in the city of Kragujevac. After the Second World War this factory was renamed and the production of motor vehicles started again under license to. Yugoslavia was 2nd (after Poland) European socialist auto maker outside Soviet Union and achieved at high point near 300 thousands annual production, 250 thousands amongst that was Zastava cars.
Zastava cars were exported by small quantities to 70 countries all over the world, including the UK. With the small car, Yugoslavia undertook wide adverted intervention to US automarket and tried to compete with Japanese analogs in the small car sector that opened after the oil crisis of the mid-1970s.During the 1990s, the political problems and economic sanctions imposed on Serbia, inherited by the Yugoslavian auto industry mainly, halted the drop of production of Zastava cars to just 10–20,000 per year. In 2008, in agreement with Government of Serbia, FIAT Group took over the Zastava plant which is now one of factories. The Serbian Government wants to establish Serbia as a new manufacturing location for the automotive industry in Europe and is strongly supporting all the international producers and suppliers in order to open their plants in Serbia.New Fiat model 500L and 500XL will have estimated production between 200,000 and 300,000 in 2013,Slovakia. Main article:had very little automotive industry as part of Czechoslovakia. After dissollution of the federation, new car assembly plants were built by foreign companies in Slovakia as in other countries in central Europe.
Auto manufacturers in the Slovakia currently include 3 OEM automobile production plants:, and '.Since 2007, has been the world's largest producer of cars per capita, with a total of 571,071 cars manufactured in the 2007 alone in a country with 5 million people.Over time this placed it at top spot in car production per capita worldwide by 2013 with a yearly production of over 980,000 vehicles.With this production in 2013 was Slovakia 18th in. Automotive is the largest with a share of 12% on the Slovak GDP in 2013 which was 41% of industrial production and 26% of Slovakia export. 80 000 people were directly employed in the automotive industry in 2014.This number will be even increased when starts production in in 2018. Slovenia Having some small auto production in socialist Yugoslavia, became one of the new Central European car making countries and now produces near 200,000 per year, mainly for export.Soviet Union. Main article:After WWII Franco's lagged behind main European auto manufacturing countries for decades. Only at the end of the 1970s it was able to produce more than one million vehicles and was 5th in Europe and 9th in the world.
Then significant growth allows Spain to overtake the United Kingdom, Italy and achieve the 3 million output (for export partially), 3rd place in Europe, 6th place in the World at 2000. Since that time, due to East-European and Asian competitors on European market, auto exports from Spain have slowed and annual production decreased to 2.4 million, although Spain beat France and became the second auto power in Europe (after Germany) but 9th in the world.In 2009, the automotive industry generated 3.5 percent of the country's and gave employment to about nine percent of the working population. Is in eighth place in car manufacturing countries, but 2008 and 2009 showed a decrease in car production.
The downward spiral started about ten years ago, with an abandoning policy of many consecutive governments. The result has been the loss of all Spanish car brands manufacturers, which are now in hands of foreign companies. Nowadays, Spain's major domestic firm is the 's subsidiary brand.Sweden. Main article:Recently fast growing with European and then Japanese and South Korean help, the automotive industry in plays an important role in the manufacturing sector of the Turkish economy. The foundations of the industry was laid with the establishment of assembly factory in 1959 and the mass production of the domestic car in 1961. Last years Turkey produced up to 1.2 million motor vehicles, ranking as the 7th in Europe and the 16th-17th largest producer in the World. With a cluster of car-makers and parts suppliers, the Turkish automotive sector has become an integral part of the global network of production bases, exporting over $22,944,000,000 worth of motor vehicles and components in 2008.
Global car manufacturers with production plants include, /, and /.Ukraine. Main article:was one of two only Soviet republics having production of all types of automobiles and was second by volume in the automotive industry of the Soviet Union with more than 200,000 annual production.Ukraine automobile manufacturers produces 100–200 thousand per year now and includes (, ), ,. While domestic trucks, buses and trolleybuses continues to be made, production of self-designed cars (such as ) decreased and now Ukraine assembles mainly -, - and -developed cars.United Kingdom. Main article:The automotive industry in the United Kingdom is now best known for premium and sports car marquees including,. Volume car manufacturers with a major presence in the UK include, and (owned by ), although Ford now only produces engines and gearboxes in Britain, having ended passenger car production in 2002 and commercial vehicle production in 2013. Commercial vehicle manufacturers active in the UK include, Ford, (owned by General Motors), (owned by ).
Did produce cars in Britain at the former plant near until its closure in 2006, having purchased the European operations of American carmaker in 1978. MG cars are produced at the in, where its owners in 2008, three years after the former group went into liquidation; less than half of the original Longbridge site is still in use for production, and the number of people employed there is also much lower than it was under MG Rover.MG and Rover were once part of the (which became in the 1960s), as were Jaguar until 1984. British Leyland was nationalised in 1975 and was finally privatized in 1988, by which time it had been renamed. Land Rover and Mini remained part of the Rover Group until 2000, when sold the MG and Rover marques to, retained the rights to build the new Mini, and sold Land Rover to Ford, although Ford has since sold Jaguar and Land Rover to industrial giant. British Leyland also produced cars under marques including, and, but these were phased out during the 1980s as the Rover brand gradually took over.Ford began at, at a factory which opened in 1911, but this plant was eventually closed down as it concentrated production in newer factories at locations including, and its flagship plant.
Until the late 1960s, Ford's British model range was largely separate to its range, but over the next decade its European range was gradually brought into line and a new factory was opened in 1976. From the 1970s onwards, German, Spanish and later produced Ford cars were imported to Britain, although passenger car production of some models continued in Britain until 2002 and commercial vehicle production did not finish until 2013, when the Southampton plant was closed and production switched to. The Halewood plant near Liverpool has been the site of Jaguar and Land Rover production since 2000.Vauxhall has been part of American carmaking giant since 1925, by which time it had switched car production from its original plant to a new factory in.
A second factory was opened at, in 1962. During the 1970s, Vauxhall's model range was brought into line with the model lines of GM's division, with the two brands sharing basic designs, although they normally had separate model names until the 1990s. The Opel brand was discontinued in Britain at the end of the 1980s, and the Vauxhall brand largely confined to Britain. Passenger car production at the historic Luton plant was ended in 2004, although the site remains active for production of commercial vehicles.made history in 1986 by becoming the first carmaker to produce cars in Britain, opening a new factory near. Opened a new factory near in 1992, around the same time that began producing cars at a new plant near.In 2008, the UK automotive manufacturing sector had a turnover of £52.5 billion, generated £26.6 billion of exports and produced around 1.45 million passenger vehicles and 203,000 commercial vehicles.
In that year around 180,000 people were directly employed in automotive manufacturing in the UK, with a further 640,000 people employed in automotive supply, retail and servicing. The UK is a major centre for engine manufacturing and in 2008 around 3.16 million engines were produced in the country. The UK has a significant presence in and the currently employs around 38,500 people, comprises around 4,500 companies and has an annual turnover of around £6 billion.The origins of the UK automotive industry date back to the final years of the 19th century.
By the 1950s the UK was the second-largest manufacturer of cars in the world (after the ) and the largest exporter. However, in subsequent decades the industry experienced considerably lower growth than competitor nations such as, and and by 2008 the UK was the 12th-largest producer of cars measured by volume. Since the late 1980s many British car marques have become owned by foreign companies including,. Rights to many currently dormant brands, including, and, are also owned by foreign companies.North America Canada. Main article:is currently the 11th largest auto producer in the World with 2.1 million annual output, down from 7th place with 3 million peak a few years ago. China, Spain, India, Brazil, Mexico recently surpassed Canadian production for the first time ever.
Canada's highest rankings ever was 2nd largest producer in the World between 1918 and 1923 and 3rd after WWII.The Canadian auto industry traces its roots to the very beginning of the automobile. The first large-scale production of automobiles in Canada took place in Walkerville, near Windsor, Ontario in 1904. In the first year of operations, Gordon McGregor and Wallace Campbell, along with a handful of workmen produced 117 Model 'C' Ford vehicles at the Walkerville Wagon Works factory.Through marques such as Brooks Steam, Redpath, Tudhope, McKay, Galt Gas-Electric, Gray-Dort, Brockville Atlas, C.C.M., and, Canada had many domestic auto brands. In 1918 McLaughlin was bought by an American firm, and was re-branded as.Driven by the demands of, Canada's automotive industry had grown, by 1923, into the second-largest in the world, although it was still made up of relatively inefficient plants producing many models behind a high tariff wall. High consumer prices and production inefficiencies characterized the Canadian auto industry prior to the signing of the.The 1964 Automotive Products Trade Agreement or 'Auto Pact' represents the single most important factor in making the Canadian automotive industry what it is today.
Key features of the Auto Pact were the 1:1 production to sales ratio and Canadian Value Added requirements.is Canada's biggest domestic firm in the sector, and is the world's third-largest auto parts firm, producing entire vehicles at its plant in.Mexico. Main article:The automotive industry mostly consists of foreign assembly plants.
The earliest ones were established by American companies, then various European and Japanese manufacturers followed. More units of the original, in production in Puebla from 1955-2003, were built in Mexico than anywhere else.
Mexican production increased rapidly in the 1990s, thanks largely to, which led to many American, European, and Japanese manufacturers to move the production of many of their USA-market and Canadian-market models to Mexico, putting Mexico at 8th place in the world in terms of units produced. The only current domestic Mexican automobile manufacturers are and, both of which source their engines from foreign manufacturers.United States. Main article:The automobile industry began in the 1890s and rapidly evolved into the largest automotive producer in the World through the use of mass-production. The industry began with hundreds of manufacturers, but by the end of the 1920s it became dominated by -,. After the and, these companies continued to prosper and the US produced near 3/4 of all automobiles in the world at 1950. However, after record of production near 15 millions in some 1970s years, at the beginning and middle of that decade, a combination of high oil prices, increased competition from foreign auto manufacturers, and increasing government regulation severely affected the companies.
In the 1980s–1990s US auto power was overtaken by rapidly growing Japanese auto industry but in the 21st century both of them are balanced and now are the second largest in the World (after China) with annual production of 8–10 millions. In the ensuing years, the companies periodically bounced back, but by 2008 the industry was in turmoil. As a result, General Motors and Chrysler filed bankruptcy reorganization and were bailed out with loans and investments from the federal government.Oceania Australia. Main article:(part of the global group),.
All manufactured cars in Australia, but by 2017 had all closed down. Factors causing the closure includednon competitive Australian labour and the effect of government tariffs.first began to produce cars in 1897 with cars made. The first major Australian car maker was the. The first Australian designed mass-produced car was the 48-215, released in 1948.
Annual production of vehicles reached a maximum of almost 500,000 in the 1970s (at the time tenth globally), and 400,000 in the 2000s, but by 2012, production declined to approximately 200,000 (30th place), due to competition from Asian automakers and changing consumer preferences.Some indigenous small scale car manufacture has existed in the past in Australia, including the Madison Buffori.closed down in 2008. Closed down in 2016, and and both closed in October 2017.
Trucks are still assembled in Australia from imported components.New Zealand. Main article:no longer has a vehicle assembly industry for passenger cars. Changes to protection of the local industry eventually led to the closure of the assembly plants since they could not compete with foreign counterparts. The largest car companies in New Zealand are,. Annual output of automotive industry achieved near 100,000 in the 1980s and then decreased due to Asian made imports. Currently, there are a number of small domestic companies producing original kit and replica cars for both the local and international markets.
Several of these, while small in size are noted internationally for the quality of their workmanship.South America Argentina.